LAB+10


 * Write three paragraphs to define the term 'ergonomics'. (3 paragraphs) ** ** 

What is the 'Gilbreth system of motion analysis' (1 paragraph)

Who was Henry Ford influenced by the efficiency expert, Frederick Taylor? (2 paragraphs)

What are the four basic principles of McDonaldization? (List of 4)  **

At its simplest definition ergonomics literally means the science of work. So ergonomists, i.e. the practitioners of ergonomics, study work, how work is done and how to work better. Ergonomic designs are created to enhance comfort for people. Ergonomic designs consider various human needs and can be modified to fit their needs.

An ergonomic design is a kind of design which an individual can understand without much thinking. The simplicity and adjustability of the ergonomic design make it easy to use by everyone.

Freedom of movement is an important aspect of ergonomic design. If a person is restrained when using a product, he/she would avoid using that product again. Use of natural body movements when using a product can add to more satisfaction and comfort. For example an office chair can lead back and forward for added comfort.

Frank Gilbreth analyzed motion and fatigue to find the best/optimum way of bricklayering after he was an apprentice in this field. He looked at motion and fatigue because motion included actually picking up the bricks, lifting them and layering them. The fatigue was mainly caused coz of the actual bending to pick up the bricks, and layering them. Therefore, he created a type of platform that did not require one to stoop/bend over and this platform is lifted by a lifting jack, and therefore reduced the fatigue of the workers.

Henry Ford was the founder of Ford Car Company and was influenced significantly by efficiency expert, Frederick Taylor. By analyzing Taylor’s methods of increasing efficiency, Ford introduced his methods in their production lines. The tasks were broken down and each worker was given a specialized task. This speeded up the production process and increased efficiency three folds. 

1) Efficiency: reaching a specific end rapidly with the least amount of cost or effort. 2) Calculability: emphasis placed on quantity rather than quality 3) Control: everything is pre-packaged, pre-measured and automatically controlled to a point where the human employee in not required to think but follow the instructions. 4) Predictability: structuring the work environment so that surprise and differentness do not influence or affect our sensibilities. 